MTHFR Gene polymorphisms, B-vitamins and hyperhomocystinemia in young and middle-aged acute myocardial infarction patients.

We have examined the prevalence of the C677T and A1298C single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene in healthy Tamilians and in patients with acute myocardial infarction and related this polymorphism to plasma homocysteine concentrations, serum folate, serum cobalamin and riboflavin status. The SNPs in the MTHFR gene were determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Plasma homocysteine, serum folate and serum cobalamin concentrations were analyzed using an automated chemiluminescence method and riboflavin status was assessed by measuring the erythrocyte glutathione reductase activity using spectrophotometric method. Out of the 200 young and middle-aged (<48 years) individuals included in the study, 100 were acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients and 100 were healthy individuals with no documented history of heart diseases. There was a significant increase in homocysteine levels among the AMI patients as compared to the healthy controls (p<0.001). The results of this study indicate that hyperhomocystinemia is more prevalent in Tamilian AMI patients and that the MTHFR C677T and A1298C SNPs are not associated with hyperhomocystinemia. Folate status was found to be within normal range in all the study subjects. There was no correlation between homocysteine and different biochemical variables including cobalamin, folate and riboflavin. However, serum cobalamin was found to be significantly decreased in AMI patients when compared to controls (p<0.001). The simultaneous presence of decreased serum cobalamin status, hyperhomocystinemia and mutant genotype for both the SNPs might lead to an increased risk for the occurrence of AMI. Further intervention trials including the supplementation of cobalamin may prove whether homocysteine level decrease in response to the supplementation of cobalamin in individuals with hyperhomocystinemia and mutant genotype for both the above mentioned SNPs.